Outline the Learning Theory of Attachments free essay sample

Diagram the learning hypothesis clarification of connections. The learning hypothesis suggests that connection practices are found out through the impersonation of the connection figures meaning they are not natural. One clarification of how this happens is through Classical Conditioning. In the Learning Theory Classical Conditioning is the shaping of a connection through affiliation. The Learning Theory expresses that when a child is conceived they normally need food. At the point when the mother takes care of the child it naturally relates the food which is the essential fortifies with its mom who is the optional strengthens. Subsequently a connection is framed with the mother since she is giving what the child needs most. the mother taking care of the infant when the infant cries will imply that the infant discovers that crying will get them food which at that point fulfills the infant, the food is the unconditioned improvement and the joy from the kid is the unconditioned reaction the essential parental figure is the unbiased upgrade, after some time the child will connect the mother with food and the nearness of simply the mother will satisfy the infant, the mother is the molded boost and the infant being glad to see the mother is the adapted reaction. We will compose a custom exposition test on Layout the Learning Theory of Attachments or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Another clarification of how connections are found out as indicated by the Learning Theory is through Operant Conditioning. Operant Conditioning includes fortification or a compensation to keep up a relationship. Dollard and Miller expressed that all children are brought into the world with a need to decrease sentiments of craving. At the point when the mother takes care of the infant it goes about as an uplifting feedback or an award on the conduct of the child. The prize that the child gets is a positive prize and along these lines the infant is probably going to rehash a similar conduct to incite a similar reaction from the mother. This fortifies the connection bond among mother and kid since she is the one giving the food. Dollard Miller (1950) utilized the term auxiliary drive theory to depict the procedures of learning a connection through operant and old style molding. Optional drive theory clarifies how essential drives which are basic for endurance, for example, eating when hungry, become related with auxiliary drives, for example, enthusiastic closeness. They stretched out the hypothesis to clarify that connection is a two way process that the parental figure should likewise learn, and this happens through negative support when the guardian feels joy on the grounds that the newborn child is not, at this point upset.

Oral traditions Essay

Numerous old researchers trusted Africa had no history before imperialism on the grounds that there was no recorded proof. Educator A.P. Newton, who was a recognized British student of history in the mid twentieth century, accepted that there was no African history in light of the fact that a large portion of the African culture was unskilled before the European interruption. ‘History’, he stated, ‘only starts when men take to writing.’ He, just as other people who had a similar feeling, neglected to understand that African people group existed some time before imperialism thus had their own history, despite the fact that it had not been placed into composing at that point. Oral conventions have played and keep on assuming significant jobs throughout the entire existence of Africa just as its present. Tunes, legends, strange notions, and so forth are only a portion of the things that have been passed from age to age orally. We see the proof of a portion of t hese notions in J.P. Clark’s _Abiku_ just as Wole Soyinka’s _Abiku_. The two sonnets depend on conventional notions and it is obvious from the title, _Abiku_, which is a word from the Yoruba language of Nigeria that is utilized to portray a youngster that bites the dust and is reawakened, normally on numerous occasions. It is accepted that such youngsters are not of the human world, but instead have a place with the soul world thus they prop up to and fro from one world to the next except if the child’s family can make the kid remain in the human world, utilizing customary strategies most occasions. These convictions and activities are consequences of oral customs and, even with the ascent of western training in Yoruba people group and Nigeria when all is said in done, keep on being maintained by certain individuals. Clark and Soyinka are proof of the proceeded with reliance and faith in oral conventions by a great deal of Africans, much after broad westernâ education. These Africans could be doing this as a backhanded resistance to western thoughts and rules that have looked to criticize and annihilate African culture. During the frontier time, the Europeans put forth a valiant effort to pulverize African culture, particularly those that had to do with odd notions and strict convictions that didn't compare with western standards. Ideas like resurrection were disapproved of vigorously by the European evangelists looking to change the strict convictions of Africans and since most parts of life depended on religion at that point, changing one’s strict convictions implied changing one’s political, social and monetary convictions also. Be that as it may, with the ascent of social patriotisms, Africans started to dismiss European guidelines as the perfect and spotlight on taking African culture back to the cutting edge. Subsequently, we see Soyinka and Clark just as numerous other African artists carrying their social notions to their abst ract works, despite the fact that a large portion of them are written in European dialects. In Soyinka’s _Abiku_ sonnet, pretty much every line is comprised of social convictions and practices as they identify with the _Abiku_ kid. He even plunges into non-African oral conventions in the line that says, â€Å"remember/this, and delve me more profound still into/the god’s swollen foot.† (14-16). Here, Soyinka is alluding to Oedipus, the Greek fanciful figure, and his utilization of this in his sonnet proposes that he needs to show that oral convention isn't only an African marvel yet rather, exists in various societies all around the globe. While, he doesn’t develop this line, it is significant in light of the fact that it stands apart from the remainder of the sonnet as it isn't associated with Yoruba convention at all and it makes known to its perusers the way that oral customs are widespread. Additionally, Soyinka composes his sonnet from the subject’s perspective as a methods for acculturating the character. The idea of _Abiku_ is generally clarified as an other-common wonder, which made it simpler for many individuals to disassociate themselves with the thought. In any case, Soyinka composes his sonnet in first individual so as to make known to individuals the way that _Abiku_ youngsters do exist and they are, indeed, people. He carries the _Abiku_ kid to the cutting edge and however the talk is tinged with odd notions andâ cultural customs, the way that it is being told from the child’s point of view is an acculturating exertion. There is no uncertainty that the sonnet underscores social and otherworldly ideas, particularly through the kid, nonetheless, the poem’s utilization of words like â€Å"Mothers† (line 26) paints a human picture in the brains of the perusers. The juxtaposition of otherworldly and human language utilized in the sonnet tells the perusers that both the profound and the human are available in this _Abiku_ youngster. In this manner, the artist exposes that the profound for example conventional and the human for example reasonable can exist and match with each other. He is stating that African culture can exist one next to the other with western culture and one doesn’t need to decrease the other, which is the direct inverse of what was lectured by European evangelists. Likewise, note that these two artists just as most African authors are put resources into the idea of Africanism. Keeping African societies alive is significant and we see the writers utilizing their sonnets to remind Africans and the world when all is said in done that African culture despite everything exists and has not been crushed by urbanization. Oral conventions have never been totally acknowledged as satisfactory sources with which to make any sorts of examinations as a result of the whimsical idea of the human memory thus, composing these sonnets permits the writers show the perusers that the way of life is still there and these accounts and convictions have not been overlooked. It was significant for Africans in verifiable occasions to over and again recognize the oral conventions so they would not overlook any pieces of it and this is additionally one reason why African authors as a rule include a few components of oral custom into their works. A great deal of African people group didn't have any methods for recording their way of life for people in the future so they simply ensured the more youthful ages got mindful of these customs from the beginning times of their lives so these conventions became engrained in their brains when they were grown-ups. In any case, with the colonization of Africa, a ton of Africans are currently capable peruse and compose these oral conventions and on account of this simple access, a great deal of Africans have gotten ignorant of a ton of social customs that would have been passed orally. In this way, the essayists remember oral customs for their composed attempts to bring these accounts, convictions, rehearses, and so on once more into the brains of Africans and the world. This is why Soyinka and Clark remember some customary procedures for their verse. Soyinka expounds on the charms that individuals accepted would shield the _Abiku_ kid from returning to the soul world†¦ â€Å"Must I sob for goats and cowries/for palm oil and sprinkled ash?† He brings the peruser into the universe of the _Abiku,_ utilizing social ceremonies, which at that point reminds the Africans who had overlooked and illuminates the individuals who were not aware of this data at first. Clark brings his perusers into the prompt condition of the _Abiku_ kid, both the physical condition and the profound environment†¦ â€Å"Do remain out on the baobab tree/follow where you please your related spirits/if inside isn't sufficient for you.† Taking everything into account, oral customs are significant in African culture just as different societies around the globe and the utilization of composed language in passing oral conventions has been useful in bringing overlooked chronicles again into the brains of its kin. List of sources Fage, J. D., and British Broadcasting Corporation. Africa Discovers Her Past. London: Oxford University Press, 1970. Henige, David P. The Chronology of Oral Tradition: Quest for a Chimera. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1974. Adesanmi, Pius. You’re Not a Country, Africa: A Personal History of the African Present. Johannesburg: Penguin Books (South Africa), 2011.

Just Chillax [about your college essays]

‘Just Chillax’ [about your college essays] To those of you who sent in your early apps congrats! Youre done! With one! (The secret to life is to celebrate the little accomplishments. Like making it to class without running into anything/anyone while on my bike.) To those of you who are still working on apps, I thought Id offer a bit of unsolicited advice (but puh-leeze, you know you want it) about the DUN DUN DUN COLLEGE ESSAY. Before I start, Id like to offer a statistic for those of you obsessing over the chance me threads on College Confidential (if you dont know what Im talking about, dont worry youre not missing out): 0% of people who do not apply to MIT get into MIT. Thats the main statistic you need to be concerned with. Yeah, yeah, theres an application fee, so dont apply if you dont want to come here. But otherwise, what have you got to lose? Now that weve got THAT issue out of the way, lets address the college essay. If you want help on the mechanics of it, Im not going to reinvent the wheel instead, check out Chris S.s awesome entry. The essays are a chance for you to show off your unique personality, because lets face it you like science? You do well in school? SO DOES EVERYONE ELSE WHO APPLIES TO THIS SCHOOL. (Disclaimer: If you dont actually like science all that much and are more into things like management or econ or literature or music, dont be discouraged about what I just wrote. Im just trying to get a point across.) The essay is your chance to show that youre not a mindless robot, just as I am not a mindless robot and just as Chris, Matt and the other admissions officers are not mindless robots. More than I love being around motivated, inspiring, wicked-smart kids, I love being around REAL people who, at the end of the day, are still just your [somewhat] normal teenager/twentysomething. When the admissions officers ask you to write about what you love, what your dreams are, what makes you YOU, its actually not a trick question. So when people told me I should write about what I love, I for better or worse took it rather literally, and wrote about my kick-butt little brother. (Not saying that this is the best essay ever or that you need to make yours look like mine. This is just an example. Im me. Youre not me. If you submitted an essay exactly like this one, thatd be creepy.) Hunched over and stern, I move painstakingly to create the ideal shape. All of my academic stress has culminated in this ridiculous focus, my obsession to finish a perfect drawing. As I close the almost-faultless white loop, a comet of red streaks across it â€" “Ryan!” I gripe to my six-year-old brother, whose chalk rainbow now decorates my colossal drawing, “You just ruined Nemo’s eyes!” In his usual banter, he fires back “Just chillax, I’ll help you fix it.” He continues his multicolored arc, totally unruffled. With AP tests and a college final looming, it seems ill-fitting that I’m spending time with my little brother, covering our driveway with chalked-out Pixar characters, but this much-needed break is keeping my brain from bursting into its own little chalk dust particles. I like to think I’m capable of reflection and growth and that my retrospective lens is better than 20/200 vision. I like to think I’m mature for my 17 years. I like to think these things, but sometimes it takes a first-grader who thinks President Kennedy was “President Cavity” to show me how much more I need to learn and make me okay with that prospect. “Uuuuuuuuggghhhh!” I grunt out in frustration â€" I think of the chapters I haven’t read, the math problems I haven’t finished. “Is your head going to EXPLODE?!” “No, but I’m just really stressed right now. You wouldn’t understand.” “Well, just take a deeeeeep breath and do it! I hope you get all A’s!!!” Everything I need to know, I haven’t learned from my brother. Doing laundry, computing a triple integral, playing the third movement of the Lalo cello concerto â€" I learned these things from people at least 20 years older than I am. Ryan is no philosophical sage, so naturally, I have the older-sibling tendency to dismiss his advice strictly on the basis that he’s only six. But those 11 years that differentiate us â€" years that I’ve had to fall into a rut of thinking the same way â€" make some of his comments so probing. He is immature, but he’s in no hurry to grow up. Of course, he has no idea that his ways of thinking helped me come to appreciate the small things and not be overwhelmed by the seemingly-impossible. Such wisdom â€" wisdom that has stayed and will stay with me â€" can come from the most surprising places, including the kid who is now picking his nose. My mom’s voice and a flickering streetlight tell us it’s time to go inside. For a moment, my mind dwells on all the homework I could have finished in that hour, but I quickly realize how much more relaxed and confident I feel. Ryan grabs the chalk container and shoots me a peace sign, telling me again to “chillax” and do things “one at a time.” I begin to think that the break was a good idea. Plus, the driveway looks awesome. Yep, you caught me. This was totally an excuse for me to revel in the fact that I miss my little brother a ton right now. Hopefully you got something out of it. Cant wait to see you in a couple weeks, goober! (From Thanksgiving break of last year. I may not like Harry Potter, Star Trek, or Lord of the Rings, but Ive still got some nerd in me. The Emperor Palpatine is courtesy of Ryan. The Yoda is courtesy of you-know-who.)

Living in a multicultural society takes time - 1547 Words

‘Living in a multicultural society takes time.’ To what extend is this illustrated by the challenge of multicultural societies in the UK? (40) A multicultural society is the status of several different ethnic, racial, religious or cultural groups coexisting in harmony in the same society. From the early 19th century people have immigrated to England, developing its diversity. During World War 2 polish and Jewish people immigrated to the UK to escape fascism. Also as the UK is part of the European Union, free and fair movement between the 28 member states means that there are no limits on immigration between these countries. This has seen it compulsory for the UK to adapt and change in order to accommodate for these individuals. For†¦show more content†¦The school adapting to changes in requirements shows they are accepting of a multicultural society, it has taken time to cater for these differing ethnic minorities. On the other hand, faith schools have developed in some areas to teach children according to a particular religion. Faith schools make up around a third of the education system. This limits choice for parents who do not want a religious education for their children, or do not share the faith of their local school. For example, in hackney Lubavitch Senior Girls School is a strictly orthodox, small secondary school for girls only. Liberal secularists argue that faith schools have no place in a growing diverse population as they promote segregation. Children should be educated around others from all religions and cultures as it is a truer representation of society. Moreover, enclaves of ethnic minorities are likely to locate near a school of their own faith this demotes integration and interaction within the community, resulting in a lack of understanding of others which consequently can cause racial tensions. Conservative people would argue that parents should have the right to bring a child according to religion and they should be able to continue to practise the religion at school. Faith schools demote integration with others who do not share the same beliefs; this is evidence to show that as long as there is faith schools in the UK ethnic minorities will never coexist inShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Advantages and Disadvantages of Multiculturalism1042 Words   |  5 Pagesmany different cultural/ethnic groups live together within the same society. In a multicultural society, there is not an official culture that every person must be a part of. Instead, all cultures are respected as much as each other. In general, a multicultural society is formed when people from many different countries all migrate to one place. For example, 10% of the UK’s population consists of different racial groups. Multicultural cities are called cosmopolitans. **** If you walk down anyRead MoreThe Impact Of Multiculturalism On A Multicultural Community1345 Words   |  6 Pagescultures in the community in order to be sensitive to a multicultural community. Each program that is in a multicultural area should have a balance of awareness, knowledge and skill, without these understanding the program will not succeed. For example, without awareness the individual will not understand the importance of the information or how the information could be used with skill. The take away understanding of the multicultural perspective is understood as having positive values in theRead MoreNobody Calls Me A Wog Anymore1137 Words   |  5 Pagesstarted calling me ‘the Australian poet, Komninos!’† (Line 62-67) Here we are shown the transition Australian society has made over time. From a racist, unfriendly Australia, into a multicultural modern society welcoming to all people. Komninos is asking his readers if it was truly necessary to segregate the population with those who seem somewhat ‘un Australian’. He’s part of a multicultural Australia. When will everyone else follow? For an Australian who’s been overseas, you will have heard theRead MoreEducation Article Critique Essay example1097 Words   |  5 Pages1998). She then claims that if all these items are true that we are not living in a free country and that certain opportunities are available to whites. She concludes by stating that she thinks that social systems need to be redesigned. I am a white female so I was able to place myself in the author’s shoes. I grew up in an upper middle class neighborhood went to a good school and I think my school was taught with a multicultural curriculum. I was culturally aware of everyone around me and of theRead MoreHigher Education For International Students998 Words   |  4 Pagescultural communication. â€Å"Over 60% of the survey respondents reported their agreement that the UK was a tolerant society, with more than on in 10 (12%) indicating strong agreement. †(Schweisfurth and Gu, 2009) Not only possibly could it broaden horizons of the international students, but also improve their learning skills. 2.1Broaden horizons through multicultural society Multicultural means including multiple people who have varying manners and faiths (Cambridge dictionaries online). In 2004, UKCOSARead More The Effectiveness of a Multicultural and Bilingual Education1198 Words   |  5 PagesEffectiveness of a Multicultural and Bilingual Education 1 There is a lot of controversy concerning our public educational programs. Opinions and lifestyles differ; [-- often] Often what is beneficial for one group of people is counterproductive for another group. Educational issues are complex and sensitive; [-- therefore] Therefore, we must analyze both sides of the issue before we make a decision. Two controversial issues in todays public educational program are multicultural and bilingualRead MoreFeminist Vs. Postmodern Therapies928 Words   |  4 Pagesthen used to form a new narrative and goals for the client to overcome their dilemma. From a multicultural standpoint, narrative therapist operate on the premise that problems are identified within social, cultural, political and relational context rather than existing within the individuals(Corey, 2013, pg. 420). Clients from different ethnic backgrounds try and mold themselves to the dominant society and social constructionism is a perfect example of that. A limitation based on veterans PTSDRead MoreA Novel Of Emigration And Assimilation1201 Words   |  5 Pagesself-empowerment and happiness. Mukherjee uses the movielike techniques of flashback and cross-cutting to fuse Jasmine’s past and present. The novel is immersed in violence. The book begins with the twenty-four-year-old narrator, Jane Ripplemeyer, living as the wife of Bud Ripplemeyer, a fifty-four-year-old worthless banker in Baden, Elsa County, Iowa. Jane recalls her story from when she was younger in Hasnapur, a village in Jullundhar District, Punjab, India, where she was born as Jyoti, the unwelcomedRead MoreMulticultural Competence Is The Appreciation And Understanding Of Different Cultures And Individuals From Those Cultures853 Words   |  4 PagesMulticultural competence is the appreciation and understanding of different cultures and individuals from those cultures. In order for one to be fully multicultural competent one needs to broaden one’s perspective and keep learning. Being multicultural competent is a long process in itself but with time one can development this â€Å"tool† and will help one be a more compassionate human being with deeper understanding of the diversity in our world. The hallmark of multicultural competence is to be ableRead MoreMulticultural Psychology Essay900 Words   |  4 Pagesbackgrounds interact defines multicultural psychology. Many consider multicultural psychology a fourth force in psychology study. Communication, interactions, research, and investigations into human behaviors give insight into how different cultures interact socially and how they live among the different ethnic groups. Many issues have emerged in multicultural psychology. Two issues discussed in this paper, cultural identity and baby boomers, describe some of the effects on multicultural psychology. Cultural

The Harlem Renaissance, A Social, Cultural, And Artistic...

The Harlem Renaissance was a social, cultural, and artistic movement that started in Harlem, New York during the 1920’s. Although it is generally considered to span from 1918 to the mid-1930, many of its ideas continue today. â€Å"The Harlem Renaissance was a phase of a larger New Negro movement that had emerged in the early 20th century and in some ways ushered in the civil rights movement of the late 1940’s and early 1950’s† (Thomas, 2017). â€Å"The social foundations of this movement included the Great Migration of African Americans from rural to urban spaces and from South to North; dramatically rising levels of literacy; the creation of national organizations dedicated to pressing African American civil rights, â€Å"uplifting† the race, and†¦show more content†¦This style of writing imitated the syncopated rhythms and repetitive phrases of jazz and blues into their poems. Claude McKay’s most famous novel was Home to Harlem. It depicted street life in Harlem. He wrote about common people in the novel to give them a distinct black identity. Zora Neale Hurston wrote several novels but her most famous being Their Eyes Were Watching God, a coming of age story set in Florida. Wallace Thurman was also a novelist during the Renaissance. He is best known for his novel The Blacker the Berry: A Novel of Negro Life (1929). The novel exposed discrimination occurred even among the black community, with the lighter skin being preferred. Jean Toomer was another black author who wrote plays, short stories, and poems to capture the spirit of this time. These poets and novelists helped to open the way to modern poets and novelists such as Maya Angelou, Alex Haley, and Toni Morrison. Without the authors of the Renaissance fighting for their voice and the recognition that African Americans were also as good a writer as whites were, then modern poets and novelist voices would be stifled. These modern authors even went on to influence modern rappers such as Kanye West, Tupac Shakur, and Nikki Minaj. This shows how even today African Americans are being influenced by the Renaissance. Music also played a part inShow MoreRelatedThe Harlem Renaissance Movement By Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, And Ralph Waldo Ellison931 Words   |  4 Pagesthe most impactful movements on African American arts, the Harlem Renaissance Movement represented a period of artistic and intellectual change that initiated a new identity on black culture. Often called the â€Å"New Negro† Era, the Harlem Renaissance opened doors for African American to express themselves in the form of visual arts, musical elements, and even performing arts during the 1920s. Due to this movement, Harlem became the city that â€Å"gave African Americans a physical cultural center.† [1] RenownedRead MoreExploring African American History : The Harlem Renaissance1521 Words   |  7 PagesTi’Anna Smith Period 1 AP World History 12-14-15 Exploring African American History: The Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance originally known as the New Negro Movement was an important part of African American culture and history, which helped African Americans express themselves and celebrate their heritage. Between the years of 1890-1920 close to two million African Americans traveled from the rural southern states to the northern cities. They traveled to these northern cities in hopesRead MoreHarlem Renaissance : A Cultural, Social, And Artistic Explosion840 Words   |  4 PagesA cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem between 1919-1929 became known as the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance was a great time period in history for blacks. The Harlem Renaissance included great artists such as Langston Hughes, James Weldon Johnson, James Baldwin, and more. The Harlem Renaissance was a movement in which blacks asserted themselves by embracing their racial identity and appreciating their African heritage. In my opinion the Harlem RenaissanceRead MoreLangston Hughes And The Harlem Renaissance1219 Words   |  5 PagesHughes and the Harlem Renaissance The Harlem renaissance is an artistic revolutionary period that took place between 1917 and 1937. This was after the First World War. Harlem was a district in New York. The Harlem renaissance impacted the social, cultural as well as artistic aspects of the black community. Many black people were encouraged to flee the southern sides where the caste system continued to oppress the black people. At this period, racial inequalities as well as other social injustices wereRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance1154 Words   |  5 Pages2015 The Harlem Renaissance The early 1900s was a time marked with tragedy in America. Started and ended with the Great Depression in between, it was not America s finest moment. Prohibition was in place, the Klu Klux Klan was still marching, and the Lost Generation was leaving for Paris. But despite the troubling times, people still found beauty and meaning in the world around them. They still created art and celebrated life. The Harlem Renaissance was an artistic and literary movement that developedRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : African American Culture758 Words   |  4 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance: African American Culture The Harlem Renaissance was an era where African American culture flourished. African American music, art, theatre, literature, food, fashion, and creativity dominated in the 1920’s. It was a movement to redefine what being â€Å"black† meant to destroy the stereotypes of that society has affiliated with being a negro. At this time, African American artists used their talents to take advantage of this opportunity to make a better life for themselves, whileRead More The Harlem Renaissance Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chapter 1 Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harlem Renaissance, an African American cultural movement of the 1920s and early 1930s that was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. According to Wintz: The Harlem Renaissance was â€Å"variously known as the New Negro movement, the New Negro Renaissance, and the Negro Renaissance, the movement emerged toward the end of World War I in 1918, blossomed in the mid- to late 1920s, and then withered in the mid-1930sRead MoreHarlem Renaissance Essay1048 Words   |  5 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance was a significant historical movement that originated in Harlem, New York and helped establish the city as an African American cultural center. This period, which lasted from the 1910s to the mid 1930s, is considered a golden age for African American music, art, literature, and performance. As a resurgence of African American art and urbanization began to form, new artistic and social expression began to simultaneously develop in other urban areas as well. The Harlem RenaissanceRead MoreHarlem Renaissance Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pagesduring the Renaissance was they had really short life there was no black people in it other than artists. Harl em Renaissance were first one to criticize black and white. They came to dominate Harlem Renaissance through creativity and culture. Madhubuti’s contention, Jeffery Stewart stated after major victories of the civil rights movement another intellectual and cultural rebellion called Black Power movement. Madhubuti’s, a black arts movement members relationship with Harlem Renaissance is one ofRead MoreA New Beginning For African Americans Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesto the mid 1930’s a literary, intellectual, and artistic movement occurred that kindled the African Americans a new cultural identity. This movement became known as the Harlem Renaissance, which is also known as the â€Å"New Negro Movement†. With this movement, African Americans sought out to challenge the â€Å"Negro† stereotype that they had received from others while developing innovation and great cultural activity. The Harlem Renaissance became an artistic explosion in the creati ve arts. Thus, many African

Hamel Prahalad Core Competency Free Essays

Business performance was primary based on the position of an organization in its industry and this view was criticized by Hamel and Prahalad as no common goal or corporation existed between the units. Alternatively, Porter believes that an organization should be viewed as individual business units. However, he does consider sharing resources between them which earlier idea planning ignore. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamel Prahalad: Core Competency or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay is going to discuss what competency is and compare with portfolio of individual business units. A core competency is something a firm can do well and meets the following three conditions pointed out by Hamel and Prahalad. Firstly, it can provide customers benefits. Secondly, it is hard for competitors to imitate. Finally, it can be use widely in many products and markets. Hamel and Prahalad introduced this concept in 1990 Harvard Business Review article. A core competency is a bundle of skills and technologies for a firm to provide customers benefits. Sony is an example use this idea, Sony must ensure that technologists, engineers and markets have a share understanding of customers need and of technological possibilities. There are three test must meet when firm consider to use core competency as a management strategy. These three test are can provide customer benefits, hard for competitors to imitate and can used widely in the market and product. There are many companies have the potential to build core competency but failed to do so because the top management are unable to conceive the company as anything other than collection of discrete business. Hamel and Prahalad define a business unit as focusing on end products or markets. However, the core competency is not product specific. It can be seen in broad sense which offering a wide rang of competitive advantages. For example, ‘user friendliness’ at Apple Company. Core competency can be enhanced when it is being applied and shared, but it still needs to be nurtured and protected. Core competency is the glue that binds existing business. It is also the engine for new business development. Porter’s view of positioning, cost leadership and differentiation are all based on the final product. This is also the reason why Hamel and Prahalad and Porter have different views on whether the competency as a portfolio of core competency rather than as a portfolio of individual business units. Hamel and Prahalad opinion is that competition is base on core competency much more than product. Glaxo is a company that supports Hamel and Prahalad’s idea. It suggests that if and organization is viewed as separate business focusing on the end product, future opportunities may be missed. Once the existing markets become matured and become a commodity if no new products have been envisaged. It is hard to maintain a core competitive advantage. However, if the organization based itself on core competency they to not diminish, the more they are applied, the more useful they will become. The view of core competency is towards the future, while competition for individual business units focusing on end products is about the present. Considering the organization as a portfolio of core competency take an inside out approach. Hamel and Prahalad’s view only focus on internal analysis of the organization but not the external environment. However, the alternative view is the market based view taken by theorists such as Porter. This supports that in order to gain a competitive advantage, the organization needs to find a successful position for the product or service within the market. This takes an outside in approach as it is based on positioning and then reviewing the organizations value chain to accommodate the external requirements. To sum up, it is very important and essential for a firm to build core competency. Core competency can bring several advantages and allow future opportunities to be identified as skills from different business units and can be combined to create new products. It is also a long term strategy and should be combined with the focus on end product to achieve competitive advantage. How to cite Hamel Prahalad: Core Competency, Papers

Password protecting wireless technology

Introduction The use of the wireless devices goes on to increase as they turn out to be cheaper and more affordable to the users (â€Å"Using wireless technology securely† 1). The increased use of the wireless technologies among the business as well as personal systems has led to better accessibility and interoperability.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Password protecting wireless technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More But, on the other hand, this same ubiquity has as well contributed to a rise in the level of risks to the computer networks. The attackers have been offered fresh ways to engage in the stealing of very sensitive information, messing about with the business processes, and sabotaging â€Å"network security enforcement systems† (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1). While new threats as well as attacks â€Å"are found against wireless networks, they are addre ssed with changes and additions to the protocols and standards† (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1). In this paper, the wireless technology is going to be discussed, including its benefits and security threats and later, focus will be on how to â€Å"password protect† the wireless technology. Benefits of Wireless Technologies It is pointed out that, in the current day, more than 165 million mobile experts as well as organizations make use of the wireless technologies in solving business problems and gaining competitive advantages (â€Å"Wireless technology 2). The increased reliance on networking in the business world and the internet growth as well as online services strongly indicates the â€Å"benefits of shared data and resources† (â€Å"Wireless technology† 2). The wireless solutions bring these benefits to a high level by giving room for users to have access to the shared information and applications, and eliminating the constraints t hat are associated with the wired connections. In addition, the wireless technology makes it possible for the managers of the networks to develop or expand networks without necessarily having to move or install wires. It is pointed out that nearly all the computing devices which include â€Å"monitors, desktops, tablets, workstations, printers and handhelds can be equipped to communicate wirelessly† (â€Å"Wireless technology† 2). The wireless solutions give out more convenience, productivity and more cost advantages as compared to the wired networks (â€Å"Wireless technology† 2).Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Wireless technology allows a large number of benefits and this includes allowing business organizations to derive benefits â€Å"from the value of their information† (â€Å"Wireless technology† 2). The wireless solutions are capable of off ering users, â€Å"access to real-time information from more places in their organization† (â€Å"Wireless technology† 2). Such mobility offer support to productivity and also offer service opportunities which can not otherwise be achieved by using the wired networks. Companies are currently implementing wireless solutions with an intention of improving their competitiveness in the market. Having wireless solutions that are easy-to-use and more secure has brought about the opportunity to bring down the level of costs and has also led to improvement in performance. It is also pointed out that â€Å"wireless networks extend core networks, provides greater utilization of existing networks† (â€Å"Wireless technology† 2). There can be configuration of wireless systems in various topologies in order to ensure meeting of some specific installations as well as applications. There can be easy changing of configurations and â€Å"range from peer-to-peer networks appropriate for few users to full infrastructure networks of thousands of users that enable roaming over a broad area† (â€Å"Wireless technology† 3). However, these benefits that come with the wireless technology can not be enjoyed where appropriate measures are not taken in order to deal with the security threats that are associated to the wireless technologies. Password protecting wireless technology Following the security threats that face the wireless networks, there is a need to protect these networks. The â€Å"wireless router or access point in a network is essentially a radio transmitter’ (Rodriguez 1). Similar to the case if a radio transmitter, any person that has the right tools can be able to pick up the signal in case he/she is within the range. Since radio transmissions â€Å"are broadcast through the air to target devices, any system properly configured within the radio broadcast range can also receive the wireless messages† (â€Å"The ri sks of wireless technology† 1). This implies that devices which are not supposed to be on the wireless network can get transmissions. It is observed that â€Å"the extension of the network wireless technologies has well increased the attack surface available to malicious users; an adversary can become part of a network and interact with systems that were not designed to operate in a hostile environment† (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Password protecting wireless technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most common activity that is employed in the attack of the wireless technology is â€Å"war driving† (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1). A person with ill intentions can engage in moving around with a laptop having a wireless receiver while listening to the â€Å"radio traffic that is being broadcast† (à ¢â‚¬Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1). There can be setting of the programs that are run on the laptop in order to automatically carry out the analysis of the data and make an effort to â€Å"break in to the networks as they are found† (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1). Moreover, a large number of attackers can as well engage in correlating data with GPS information to come up with a â€Å"wireless access points† map (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1). Basing on where they are located, the attackers, at a later time, can engage in revisiting these access points in order to carry out more attacks. It is pointed out that â€Å"password protection can keep intruders out of your network, maintaining the privacy of your personal information† (Rodriguez 1). In order to â€Å"password protect† the wireless network, this may involve use of encryption. It is pointed out that â€Å"data encryption is used to ‘scram ble’ the signals the wireless network uses to send information back and forth between computers† (Rodriguez 1). It is only those users who know the password can be in a position to engage in the unscrambling of the signals â€Å"into useable data† (Rodriguez 1). In the present day wireless technology, there exist two encryption forms and these are â€Å"Wired Equivalency Privacy – WEP, and Wi-Fi Protected Access – WPA† (Rodriguez 1). WEP was the initial encryption form that was utilized in the wireless networks. This form of encryption is prevalent â€Å"in first generation network equipment and no-PC devices like PDAs, game consoles and media players† (Rodriguez 1). However, WEP do have a grave design weakness that enables the hostile entities to obtain the encryption key and be in a position â€Å"to see all traffic with relative ease† (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1). It is also pointed out that the â€Å"a ccess control mechanisms that used the Media Access Control (MAC) address of networked devices no longer give IT professionals any guarantee a rogue device is within an easily identified physical area† (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1).Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The synchronization capacities of the ‘address book’ found in the cellular phones among other portable devices facilitates stealing of the ‘address book’ in case it is not implemented in the right way, such as the â€Å"Bluesnarfing for Bluetooth-enabled devices† (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1). It is pointed out that having advancements in cryptanalysis, the software that is used in the analysis of â€Å"wireless network traffic and deriving encryption keys and passwords has become commonplace† (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1). Allocating encryption key that is much more complex for WEP remains to enable an attacker to identify what the key is in a very short period of time by making use of such software as WepLab and Aircrack. Making use of encryption algorithms that are stronger but which have keys that are weak still leaves the networks prone to the dictionary attacks that utilizes â€Å"list of words and permutations to try and guess encryption keys† (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1) The WepLab as well as Aircrack support this operation method also. However, it is noted that even if WEP is not strong enough as compared to other encryption techniques, it offers a fundamental protection level which is better than not having one (Rodriguez 1). If a person is making use of WEP, he/she can make it be more effective by engaging in changing of the password on a more frequent basis (Rodriguez 1). In the current days, people prefer to use WPA as a â€Å"wireless network encryption† method (Rodriguez 1). This method gives room for passwords which utilize characters in addition to numbers and letters and this makes it possible to have passwords that are more secure to use. The method as well offers stronger encryption which is regarded as being harder to ‘conquer’ by the intruders. The WPA method â€Å"may not be supported by all hardware, but is designed to drop back to WEP in situations where hardware is not compatible† (Rodriguez 1). It is also suggested that, as an additional layer to the safeguarding of the passwords, one is supposed to consider enabling â€Å"MAC filtering† (Rodriguez 1). Every individual computer is assigned a â€Å"12-character identifier†, which is only one of its kind, referred to as MAC ID. MAC filtering enables creation of the MAC addresses which are permitted to access the network. The MAC ID serves as a second password and it enables â€Å"only a select number of computers in to the network† (Rodriguez 1) Conclusion In the current days, a large number of people and organizations are using the wireless technology on an increasing level because it has become more affordable and convenient to use. There are many benefits that are brought in by using the wireless technology. People and organizations can now access important information that can enable them to carry out t heir activities more comfortably and conveniently. The companies are becoming more competitive in the market as a result of using this technology. However, there has also been an increase in the level of risks to the computer networks. Attackers have tried to have access to information on the unprotected wireless networks. There is a need to protect one’s information since it can be wrongly used by another person. To achieve this protection, there is a need for password protecting the wireless technology. This can effectively be done by using such methods as WEP and the more advanced method, WPA. Works Cited Rodriguez, Gene. Password protect a wireless network. Life123, 2012. Web. â€Å"The risks of wireless technology.† Security4wireless.com. Security4wireless, 2010. Web. â€Å"Using wireless technology securely.† U.s-cert.gov. US-CERT, 2006. Web. â€Å"Wireless technology.† www2.hp.com. www2.hp, n.d. Web. This research paper on Password protecting wireless technology was written and submitted by user Samson Barton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.