Microorganisms Relevant To Bioremediation

Microorganisms Relevant To Bioremediation Introduction Bioremediation is a technology that utilizes the metabolic potential of microorganisms to clean up contaminated environments. One important characteristic of bioremediation is that it is carried out in non-sterile open environments that contain a variety of organisms. Of these, bacteria, such as those capable of degrading pollutants, usually have central roles in bioremediation, whereas other organisms (e.g. fungi and grazing protozoa) also affect the process. A deeper understanding of the microbial ecology of contaminated sites is therefore necessary to further improve bioremediation processes. In the past two decades, molecular tools, exemplified by rRNA approaches, have been introduced into microbial ecology; these tools have facilitated the analysis of natural microbial populations without cultivation. Microbiologists have now realized that natural microbial populations are much more diverse than those expected from the catalog of isolated microorganisms. This is also the case for pollutant-degrading microorganisms, implying that the natural environment harbors a wide range of unidentified pollutant-degrading microorganisms that have crucial roles in bioremediation. This article summarizes the results of recent studies of microbial populations that are relevant to bioremediation. Molecular ecological information is thought to be useful for the development of strategies to improve bioremediation and for evaluating its consequences (including risk assessment). Molecular tools are especially useful in bioaugmentation, in which exogenous microorganisms that are introduced to accelerate pollutant biodegradation need to be monitored. This article discusses recent examples of the successful application of molecular ecological tools to the study of bioremediation. Microorganisms relevant to methane oxidation Traditionally, studies on pollutant biodegradation have been initiated by the isolation of one or more microorganisms capable of degrading target pollutants; however, conventional isolation methods have resulted in the isolation of only a fraction of the diverse pollutant-degrading microorganisms in the environment. In addition, most isolated organisms have shown pollutant-degradation kinetics that differ from those observed in the environment. For example, laboratory-cultivated methanotrophs exhibit half-saturation constants for methane oxidation which are one to three orders of magnitude higher than those observed in soil. Using molecular phylogenetic analyses of isotope-labeled DNA, (Radajewski et al.) successfully identified two novel methanotrophs that actively degrade methane under environmental conditions. Molecular approaches that target the 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA) and genes encoding enzymes involved in key metabolic steps (e.g. those encoding particulate methane monooxygena se) have been applied to the analysis of methanotrophs in rice field soil, lake sediments and forest soil. Methanotrophs are considered to be important for reducing the emission of methane, a greenhouse gas, from soil and sediment. In addition, methanotrophs co-metabolize trichloroethylene (TCE); therefore, TCE bioremediation often employs methane injection as a means to stimulate the TCE-degrading activity of indigenous methanotrophs (i.e. methane biostimulation). Methanotrophs which occurred at a methane biostimulation site were recently analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified 16S rDNA and soluble methane monooxygenase gene fragments. Marine petroleum hydrocarbon degradation Molecular ecological approaches have also been used to analyze bacterial populations that occur in petroleum-contaminated marine environments. Spilled-oil bioremediation experiments conducted at a sandy beach found that phylotypes affiliated with the subclass of Proteobacteria appeared in the DGGE fingerprints obtained for oiled plots but not in those for unoiled plots, suggesting their importance in spilled-oil bioremediation. Another oil-spill experiment conducted at a beach in the Norwegian Arctic showed that 16S rDNA types affiliated with the ÃŽÂ ³-Proteobacteria, especially those belonging to the Pseudomonas and Cycloclasticus groups, were abundant in fertilized oil sands. Microbial populations which occurred in seawater after supplementation with petroleum and inorganic fertilizers have been analyzed using rRNA approaches; it was reported that bacterial populations belonging to the Proteobacteria and the genus Alcanivorax showed accelerated growth. These studies have indicat ed that some groups of bacteria commonly occur in oil-contaminated marine environments, although other populations change under different environmental conditions. Anaerobic petroleum hydrocarbon degradation As petroleum hydrocarbons are persistent under anaerobic conditions, their contamination of groundwater is a serious environmental problem. The microbial diversity in a hydrocarbon- and chlorinated-solvent contaminated aquifer undergoing intrinsic bioremediation was assessed by cloning and sequencing bacterial and archaeal 16S rDNA fragments. This study detected phylotypes that were closely related to Syntrophus spp. (anaerobic oxidizers of organic acids with the production of acetate and hydrogen) and Methanosaeta spp. (aceticlastic methanogens), suggesting their syntrophic association. Phylotypes affiliated with candidate divisions (that do not contain any isolated organisms) were also obtained in abundance from the contaminated aquifer, although their physiology is completely unknown. A similar syntrophic association of bacteria and archaea has also been reported in a methanogenic enrichment that slowly degrades hexadecane. Likewise, a toluene-degrading methanogenic consortium was characterized by rRNA approaches. The consortium comprised two archaeal species related to the genera Methanosaeta and Methanospirillum, and two bacterial species, one related to the genus Desulfotomaculum and the other unrelated to any previously described genus. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with group-specific rRNA probes was used to analyze a denitrifying microbial community degrading alkylbenzenes and n-alkanes; the Azoarcus/Thauera group was found to be the major bacterial group. Bacteria affiliated with the ÃŽÂ µ-Proteobacteria were found to grow in petroleum-contaminated groundwater which accumulated at the bottom of underground crude-oil storage cavities. Microbial communities associated with anaerobic benzene degradation under Fe(III)-reducing conditions in a petroleumcontaminated subsurface aquifer were also analyzed by DGGE analysis, and it has been suggested that Fe(III)- reducing Geobacter spp. have an important role in the anaerobic oxidation of benzen e. The available electron acceptors are the principal determinants for the types of microorganisms that occur in anaerobic environments, and microbial populations identified in the above papers are considered important for petroleum hydrocarbon degradation in subsurface environments under the respective conditions. On the basis of these results, future developments in anaerobic hydrocarbon bioremediation are anticipated. It is noteworthy that phylotypes that are only distantly related to known genera are often detected as major members of the anaerobic communities, suggesting that parts of anaerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation processes remain unidentified. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are compounds of intense public concern owing to their persistence in the environment and potentially deleterious effects on human health. A soil-derived microbial consortium capable of rapidly mineralizing benzo[a]pyrene was analyzed by DGGE profiling of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA fragments The analysis detected 16S rDNA sequence types that represented organisms closely related to known high molecular weight PAH-degrading bacteria (e.g. Burkholderias, Sphingomonas and Mycobacterium),although the degradation mechanisms have yet to be resolved. In soil environments, the reduced bioavailability of PAHs due to sorption to natural organic matter is an important factor controlling their biodegradation. Friedrich et al. reported that different phenanthrene-degrading bacteria occurred in soil enrichments when different sorptive matrices were present. It has also been shown that the application of surfactants to soil enrichments that degrade phenanthrene a nd hexadecane altered the microbial populations responsible for the degradation. These results have common implications for bioremediation; that is, nature harbors diverse microbial populations capable of pollutant degradation from which a few pollutant-degrading populations are selected according to bioremediation strategies. Metal bioremediation Because of its toxicity, metal contamination of the environment is also a serious problem. Recent studies have applied molecular tools to the analysis of bacterial and archaeal populations that are capable of surviving in metal-contaminated environments. Bacterial communities in soil amended for many years with sewage sludge that contained heavy metals were assessed using rRNA approaches, including FISH and cloning and sequencing. The study found that two sequence groups affiliated with the Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were frequently obtained from clone libraries from the metal-contaminated soil, although most Actinobacteria sequences showed low similarity (

Pros and Cons of Social Networks Essay

I bet that if I go onto Facebook or Twitter right now, I could find almost every one of you on there. When someone says â€Å"social network,† the first site to come to your mind is Facebook, right? Facebook is now the most identifiable social network, and according to Facebook statistics it’s recently reached over 300 million active users. Combined worldwide, they all spend over six billion minutes online every day. I got most of my information about social networking from facts on file. A statistic from the Pew Internet Project’s research on social networking found that as of December 2012, 67% on online adults use social networking sites. The earlier social networks, such as Friendster. com and myspace. com, started in the early 2000’s, and since then they’ve become very popular and even more sites have emerged. There are many effects and uses for social networks, and many people have different opinions on them so today I’m going to share those with you. Let’s see what supporters admire about social networks. Supporters say that social media and networking sites have changed the way that we communicate for the better. see more:social networking and young generation They say that with all the different possibilities it’s much easier to keep in touch with family, friends, and colleagues. If someone was tired of emailing or simply chatting, they could use Skype, which is a software application that allows users to make voice or video calls over the Internet. Social networks can also provide a way for people to express themselves, through forums, Internet messaging boards, or by creating their own blogs that others can comment and post on too. Through social networks people can also make friends more easily by connecting with others who have similar interests. It’s become a daily habit for us to sign into our favorite social networks, so that whenever we get the chance to do so, it seems to relax us. A large and important impact of social networks, however, is its ability to raise awareness and keep everyone throughout the world informed. Reading about current events isn’t limited to the newspapers anymore, now news sites and social networks are constantly updating us with the latest information. We can learn about natural disasters that strike all over the world and learn what we can do here to help. If any of you are on Facebook, I’m sure you’ve seen popular pages posting pictures of someone’s sad life story, some asking for prayers and others asking for recognition for one’s actions or heartbreaking life. As you all know, when MaKayla passed away, her friends and family worked endlessly to gain the attention of her hero, LeBron James. Through Facebook and Twitter her memorial page has received almost 8,000 likes and grabbed the attention of Packers player, Clay Matthews. He helped to raise awareness by asking people to tweet to LeBron to obtain any sort of recognition from her hero. With everyone’s help from social networks in the end, that goal was accomplished. Seeming to be on the more old-fashioned side, government officials are even getting into the networking hype. They’re using them to help get ahead in the polls, connect with voters and find out their opinions as a mass. In 2011, President Barack Obama tweeted the following message, as seen on the smartboard. Included in this tweet was a short video with tributes from his 2008 supporters. Today, he still tweets asking for the public’s opinions on controversies and issues. These points make you think that social networks are all good; however, people who oppose them have quite different opinions. Opponents argue that social media and networking sites are ruining how we communicate and that it can only get worse as time goes on. The rise of social networks has also coincided with an erosion of the quality of conversation. MIT psychology professor Sherry Turkle says, â€Å"As we ramp up the volume and velocity of online connections, we start to expect faster answers. To get these, we ask one another simpler questions; we dumb down our communications, even on the most important matters. Comedian and commentator Dean Obeidallah writes for CNN saying that social media is turning Americans into â€Å"the laziest generation† yet. Companies and businesses are using social networks to advertise and promote themselves, so if you’re applying for a job with a company or business, they could check your own profile to see what you’ve been posting. If someone were to be tagged in some inappropriate pictures, companies might see them and it could ultimately cost you the job. Social networks can also be very dangerous. Con artists have been known to create scams via emails, and now they’re trying to take your money using social networks. Because social networks let you create your own profile, some people decide to put in fake information and photos. So you never really know if the person you’re talking to is real or not. Bullying now isn’t restricted to throwing hits and talking smack face-to-face. Networking sites have unfortunately made it much easier to tease others, and now cyber-bullying and harassment has become a major problem. An article from the periodical Educational Leadership has said that cyber-bullying is focused on students and teenagers, and that it can cause severe mental, emotional, and sometimes even physical pain. An anonymous 17 year old from New Jersey said, â€Å"When I was being cyberbullied I felt like I wanted to never go out of the house or talk to anyone ever again. It led me to depression, and the person who was bullying me †¦believed that it was funny. † Now that I’ve gone over all of my points, let’s review the pros and cons of social networks. Along with helping us make new friends, they can help us keep in touch and communicate with our family and friends. They are also very useful in connecting officials to the public and helping us learn about how we can help make a difference in charities or fundraising events. However, with the convenience of online chatting, real face-to-face conversations are eroding. With the anonymity of peoples’ identities, it can be dangerous to talk to strangers. As we’ve seen, there are both positive and negative effects of social networks on us, but depending on how we use them is how we allow them to impact our lives. With all of the advancements in technology, social networks will become more prominent in everyday lives. It’s still likely, in one form or another, that social networks will continue to grow and evolve.

UGA Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

The University of Georgia is a public research university with an acceptance rate of 48%. Founded in 1785, UGA has the distinction of being the oldest state-chartered university in the U.S. With over  38,000 students, the University of Georgia is the largest school in Georgias university system. The universitys home of Athens is the quintessential college town, and UGAs attractive 615-acre campus features everything from historic buildings to contemporary high rises. For high-achieving students looking for the feel of a smaller liberal arts college, UGA has a strong Honors Program comprised of approximately 2,500 students. Honors Program students take smaller classes and have close interaction with the faculty. Student life at UGA is active with a wide range of clubs, activities, and organizations. On the athletic front, the Georgia Bulldogs compete in the NCAA Division I  Southeastern Conference  (SEC). Considering applying to UGA? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, University of Georgia had an acceptance rate of 48%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 48 students were admitted, making UGAs admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 26,448 Percent Admitted 48% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 45% SAT Scores and Requirements The University of Georgia requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 69% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 630 700 Math 610 710 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of UGAs admitted students fall within the top 20% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to UGA scored between 630 and 700, while 25% scored below 630 and 25% scored above 700. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 610 and 710, while 25% scored below 610 and 25% scored above 710. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1410 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at University of Georgia. Requirements UGA does not require the SAT writing section. Note that the University of Georgia participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. At UGA, SAT Subject tests are not required. ACT Scores and Requirements The University of Georgia requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 67% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 27 34 Math 26 30 Composite 27 32 This admissions data tells us that most of UGAs admitted students fall within the top 14% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to the University of Georgia received a composite ACT score between 27 and 32, while 25% scored above 32 and 25% scored below 27. Requirements UGA does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, UGA superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the middle 50% of University of Georgias incoming freshman class had high school GPAs between 3.97 and 4.21. 25% had a GPA above 4.21 and 25% had a GPA below 3.97. These results suggest that most successful applicants to the University of Georgia have primarily A grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph University of Georgia Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to University of Georgia. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and  calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances The  University of Georgia is a selective public university where fewer than half of applicants are accepted. The primary criteria for admission is high grades and a rigorous course schedule. Required high school coursework includes four years of English, Math, and Science, three years of social studies, and two years of the same foreign language. After GPA and a challenging high school curriculum, the next most important admission criteria at UGA is standardized test scores. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. The majority of students who got in had a high school GPA of 3.5 or higher, SAT scores (ERWM) of 1050 or higher, and ACT composite scores of 21 or better. The higher those numbers are, the more likely a student is to be accepted. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and University of Georgia Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Wakai in Translation

The Japanese word wakai, pronounced wah-kai, means young, younger, inexperienced, immature, or green. Japanese Characters è‹ ¥Ã£ â€ž (ã‚ Ã£ â€¹Ã£ â€ž) Example Miki wa itsu mitemo wakai. Miki always looks young. Chikagoro no wakai mono wa nani o kangaeteiru no ka wakaranai. I cant tell what young people these days are thinking. Notes Wakai is a Japanese adjective. Learn more about Japanese adjectives.

Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck - 640 Words

Grapes of wrath United States in the 30s. In full economic Depression, many families of farmers, who have lost their homes and land, must go to the West to find in the grape harvesting a livelihood. On the way, misunderstanding and violence will hover over every family, especially on the Joad family, which serves as an archetype. Tom Joad just go out of prison, on parole, for killing a man. And upon returning home, found that the lands have been expropriated by a strong company. It is tells for the only survivor, who stubbornly stay gone crazy. The Joad family begins the exodus from Oklahoma to California. Thus, Tom found his own and march together in an old van, packed with people and objects. It is an odyssey into â€Å"the promised land†, in which on the way, the grandparents die while the family is staying in miserable homes and migratory labor camps. Casey, a former cleric, who was traveling with them, is killed while trying to call a strike demanding better wages. Anger seizes Tom taking vengeance in killing a policeman. And to reach a state farm, will have to flee for one murder. The family, without him, again they take the endless road, under the full direction of hope of Ma Joad, who said aloud to her husband: But we are alive, and we kept walking. They can not kill us and crush us; we will be always forward, because we are the people. The movie reflects the climate of desolation, despair and poverty lived by most of theShow MoreRelatedThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pages The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck, widely viewed as one of the most finest and powerful American writer, born to a middle-class family in 1902 in the Salinas Valley of California. Steinbeck is a writer who often spoke for the people. The Grapes of Wrath is a great movie, published in 1939, filled with many universal truths and views on human nature and society, especially where class is concerned. In the article, John Steinbeck The Grapes a wrath: A Call to Action says, â€Å"Steinbeck’s novel showcasedRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1075 Words   |  5 PagesKirsten Lloyd Mr. Eldridge AP Junior English 21 August 2014 Grapes of Wrath â€Å"Sometimes even to live is an act of courage.† (Seneca), In the 1939 novel, The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, the reader accompanies the Joad family as they struggle to escape the crippling Dust Bowl of the mid- 1930’s. In hopes of establishing a new life for themselves after being forced off their land the family embark on a journey from Oklahoma to California in search of fruitful crops and steady work alongRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1563 Words   |  7 Pages John Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes of Wrath, depicts a migrant farming family in the 1930s. During this time, life revolved around the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl, making circumstances difficult for almost everyone involved, especially those who had little. This time of drought and despair caused people to lose hope in everything they’ve ever known, even themselves, but those who did not, put their hope in the â€Å"promised land† of California. Here, the grass was thought to be truly greenerRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1189 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† Shortly after being released John Steinbeck’s book â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† was banned because many critics viewed the novel as promoting communist propaganda, or socialist ideas. The ideas that many of these critics point to is Steinbeck’s depiction of the Big Banks/ Businesses as monsters, the comparison of Government camps to a utopia in contrast of the makeshift â€Å"Hoovervilles,† and the theme of the community before the individual, In his novel â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† John SteinbeckRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1093 Words   |  5 Pages In John Steinbeck s The Grapes of Wrath, Tom Joad and his family are forced from their home during the 1930’s Oklahoma Dust Bowl and set out for California along with thousands of others in search of jobs, land, and hope for a brighter future. The Grapes of Wrath is Steinbeck’s way to expound about the injustice and hardship of real migrants during the Depression-era. H e utilizes accurate factual information, somber imagery, and creates pathos, allowing readers connections to the Joad’s plightRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1190 Words   |  5 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath April 14th, 1939, John Steinbeck published the novel, The Grapes of Wrath. The novel became an immediate best seller, with selling over 428,900 copies. Steinbeck, who lived through both the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl, sought to bring attention to how families of Oklahoma outdid these disasters. Steinbeck focuses on families of Oklahoma, including the Joads family, who reside on a farm. The Joad family is tested with hardship when life for them on their farm takesRead MoreThe Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck702 Words   |  3 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s use of the intercalary chapters in The Grapes of Wrath helps weave the reader’s sympathy of the Joad family into a more broad sympathy for the migrant farmers as a whole, in the hopes that the readers would then be compelled to act upon what they have read. During the Great Depression, people had a big disconnect about what was happening in various parts of the country. People often struggle to find sympathy for events when they can’t even visualize a person who is suffering throughRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck2144 Words   |  9 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath is a well-known beloved novel of American Literature, written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939. Whoever said a road is just a road has not read The Grapes of Wrath. From the time we read when Tom Joad, novel’s protagonist, returns home after four years in prison; the meaning of roads changed. Route 66, also known as the mother road the road of flight, was a lifeline road, which allowed thousands of families to pursue their hopes and dreams. This road is also the road thatRead MoreThe Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck1014 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes of Wrath, was first written and later published in the 1939. Fr om the time of its publication to date, the exemplary yet a simple book has seen Steinbeck win a number of highly coveted awards including Pulitzer Prize in 1940 and later on Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962. Set at the time of the Great Depression, the book most remarkably gives a descriptive account of the Oklahoma based sharecropper Joad’ poor family in the light of economic hardship, homelessnessRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1064 Words   |  5 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath, originated from a John Steinbeck’s book, a legendary film that focus on a major point of American history. The story follows the Joad family on their journey to California trying to survive the hardships. This film, focus on the social problems of America like the Dust bowl, The Great Depression, and industrialism. The Grapes of Wrath was filmed in a journalistic-documentary style, which displayed the realism of the epidemic in the thirties. The thirties the period The Grapes

Heart Is a Lonely Hunter Free Essays

â€Å"We can’t solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them. † * Albert Einstein The Heart is a Lonely Hunter is a book describing and reflecting upon the problems in the southern United States in the 1930’s. The problems that the author, Carson McCullers, analyzes include alcoholism, labor unions, racial bias, as well as the many problems that economic instability can create. We will write a custom essay sample on Heart Is a Lonely Hunter or any similar topic only for you Order Now McCullers depicts each problem in a very realistic manner connecting one character with one specific issue. The reader identifies with each character because the social problems the characters face have not gone away. Americans still fight for economic justice and racial equality. Labor unions are still demonized by big corporations. These issues have not gone away. The most overbearing problem- in the 1930’s and currently- is the economy. Poverty prevents a main character in this novel, Mick Kelly, from being able to follow her dream. Mick loves music more than anything in the world: â€Å"The whole world was this symphony, and there was not enough of her to listen†¦ Now that it was over there was only her heart beating like a rabbit and this terrible hurt. (145) Micks feels so passionately about music that she wants to absorb as much as possible. She wants to pursue her dream of music, however, her father does not have a stable income and her mother works very hard for very little. This situation restrains Mick from being able to pursue her dreams by not allowing her to get the adequate instructions and opportunities she needs. The fact the Mick grows up working instead of in an env ironment where she cannot take music lessons or have the opportunity to follow her dreams, holds her from achieving greatness. The working class not only had to deal with the poverty but also labor unions. Jake Blount is a confused and mentally unstable man who spends his first few weeks in town drunk. Blount has many ideas that he is constantly speaking about: â€Å"words came out of his throat like a cataract† (13). Blount is upset with company’s treatment of the middle class and finds it necessary to tell most everyone in his presence. He believes that America should enact socialist reforms. He is constantly encouraging the revolts of middle class workers to revolt as a reaction to the treatment in the workplace. Another prominent problem that McCullers identifies is institutionalized racism. Dr. Copeland’s solution is education and fighting against the inequity: â€Å"In the face of brutality I was prudent. Before injustice I held my peace. I sacrificed the things in hand for the good of the hypothetical whole. I believed in the tongue instead of the fist. As armor against oppression I taught patience and faith in the human soul. I know now how wrong I was. I have been a traitor to myself and my people. All that is rot. Now is the time to act and to act quickly. Fight cunning with cunning and might with might. † (301-302) Dr. Copeland when first dealing with racism would attempt to find peace and submit to the criticism. As time went on in his life he realizes the best option is to fight the injustice. Not only has the problem held true to today’s society, but his solution to the problem has become a reality. The problems the characters experienced then are still prevalent today. Poverty is an issue that is one of the focus of society. According to San Jose University the unemployment rate in the Great Depression peaked at 23%. The current unemployment rate, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is at 9. 2%. While these numbers are different, they are still both very high. McCullers approaches this subject in very realistic and connecting method. The perspective in the 1930’s, Mick Kelly is one that many kids are facing today. Kids today and 1930’s face the problem of wanting to pursue their dreams but instead must work to support their family. This leads to unequal social statuses of children from varying backgrounds. Not only has the poverty remained present, labor unions have as well. Labor unions continue to be demonized by large companies. Since the 1930’s labor union membership had been steadily decreasing until the beginning of the current economic recession. The fact that McCullers took the time to analyze such a problem that still exists today show how perceptive she was socially of the world around her. Institutionalized racism is a subject that is no longer prevalent today. The reason that the issue has decreased is because solution of fighting the injustice has taken effect. The current American president, Barack Obama, has dealt with the problems that McCullers describes. He has also taken the solution that McCullers implements through Dr. Copeland and has become the American president. McCullers identifies the possibility of the success and offers the solution. The problems of society are not taken lightly by anyone. McCullers broaches the problems in a careful yet aggressive manner. She paints a powerful picture of each issue allowing the reader to connect with each problem even sixty years after writing the book. It does not take a genius to realize that the problems that McCullers examines and even offers solutions for come problems that are still prominent in today’s society. The specifics of the economy, labor unions, and racial bias have evolved with the rest of the country, but the fact that the problems are still here is a testament to the social awareness of McCullers while she was writing The Heart is a Lonely Hunter. While McCullers did not actually change these issues, she brought to light struggles that many Americans are facing today. How to cite Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, Essay examples

Workplace bullying in the big organization - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Workplace bullying in the big organization. Answer: Introduction In this report,workplacebullyingandotherharassmentcaseshas been discussed. With the ramified economic changes and complex business structure in multinational organizations, employees are facing workplace bullying and other harassment cases in their working. In this report, JB Hi-Fi Company has been taken into consideration which has operated its business in Australia and other countries as well. Present description of the organization JB Hi-Fi Company mainly operates its business in Australia and New Zealand and having more than 124 units around the globe. The main headquarter of company is in Australia. The JB Hi-Fi Company currently employees more than7.81K people in its business operation. In this organization, management has maintained strong employees policies and frameworks for operating effective organizational culture. Nonetheless, employees have faced workplace bullying and other harassment while working in this company. Workplace bullying policies is required to implement in JB Hi-Fi Company so that company could maintain effective business functioning for the betterment of the organization (JB HI-FI, 2017). Rational for implementing new workplace bullying policies Company should have effective workplace bullying policies which will apply to all employees including CEO, management and other staff members of company. This policy contains statement about the consequence of violating and reporting, investigating and standards rules and regulations for employees. This new workplace bullying policies also contains rules and regulations of anti-discrimination and anti-harassment policies. Nonetheless, JB Hi-Fi Company has planned to include these workplace bullying policies in its HR policies to reduce the complexity and issues of business. The main rational behind formulating and implementing workplace bullying polices in JB Hi-Fi Company is related to its increasing business complexity and managing employees problems in efficient manner. If JB Hi-Fi Company could change its existing organization business policies as per the workmen compensation act, anti-discrimination and anti-harassment policies (Hutchinson and Eveline, 2010). Analyse, assess, and evaluate HR literature to support the Workplace bullying polices and rules With the ramified economic change and complex business structure, various employees have been facing issues of workplace bullying in organization. Workplace bullying and other harassment in the business functioning is the common issues which each and every organization has been facing. Workplace bullying and other harassment includes several acts such as verbal derogatory comments, negative physical contacts and humiliating other employees. However, in order to curb these kinds of acts in organization, company could implement proper workplace bullying policies and rules. These workplace bullying policies and rules should be the important part while formulating the HR policies and rules in an organization. JB Hi-Fi Company has used these workplace bullying policies and rules to reduce the conflicts and issues between employees. It is observed that in JB Hi-Fi Company, employees have faced issues, mostly related to offensive derogatory comments from each other. If newly framed Workplac e bullying polices is implemented in business then it could help management to curb these kinds of activities and cases in effective manner. The human resources policies and organizational culture is the key pillar for curbing this kind of workplace bullying cases in an organization. It is found that in organization employees facing these issues may find difficult to complain against it to HR department due to less effective workplace bullying policies. Therefore, HR policies of particular company should include these work place bullying policies in determined approach (Hershcovis et al., 2015). In Workplace bullying, human resource management department in organization plays an important role. If all the employees indulged in human resource department, makes efforts to implement proper workplace bullying polices in organizations then it will reduce the workplace bullying cases and negative impact of workplace environment on employees. It is considered that if management department wants to manage people in the organization then company should focus on giving training so that the person can get knowledge about the work. In addition to this, proper motivation to employees towards the better outcomes of the organization will also reduce the cases of workplace bullying polices. If they have the knowledge then they can work in an effective manner and give their best (Etienne, 2014). It is observed that implementation of workplace bullying policies in an organization could be more strengthen after installing new advanced cyber computing enterprises resources planning. This advanced cyber computing enterprises resources planning helps in developing new grievances portal in the business. This grievances portal is the strongest pillar in implementing workplace bullying polices in JB Hi-Fi Company. It is considered that if company could use proper level of grievances portal accompanied by the online cyber computing system then it will make easy for the employees to resolve their queries and problems in effective manner. This grievances portal would be great help in implementing Workplace bullying polices in organization. It is observed that in JB Hi-Fi Company, employees have faced issues related to derogatory comments from the management department and other employees (Farr-Wharton, et al., 2017). In most of the cases, tough organizational policies and setting high targets also comes under the workplace bullying cases. Therefore, this grievances portal establish will increase the overall effectiveness of the resolving queries and issues of employees. The human resources management department focuses on establishment of nexus between employees growth with the organizational development. This could only be done after implementing proper human resources policies and Workplace bullying polices in determined approach. This grievances portal and setting new department for employees queries established under the Workplace bullying polices may be good help for the betterment of the organization. Nonetheless, management department with the assistances of human resources management department could conduct meetings and seminars to identify the issues and cases related to workplace bullying cases in company. This will help in implementing employees oriented organizational policies and increasing the working effectiveness of the employees (Etienne, 2014). These workplace bullying policies focuses on reducing the negative behaviour of employee and create healthy organizational culture. If these policies are implemented then it will not only increase the overall productivity of the organization but also increase the overall outcome of the business. JB Hi-Fi Company through its proper motivation program has motivated its employees towards the better outcomes of the organization which will eventually reduce the cases of Workplace bullying polices in the working business process. However, setting standards and positive organizational culture where employees are kept free to put their points before management department. Issues in implementation of workplace bullying policies After evaluating the annual report and organizational culture of the JB Hi-Fi Company, it is considered that employees of JB Hi-fi Company are more rigid and may find difficult while following these new rules and regulations. It is observed that this workplace bullying policies could be implemented in JB Hi-Fi Company only after installing new advanced cyber computing enterprises resources planning. It is observed that if employees in company are dominated or humiliated by others in organization then they could use only dashboard mechanism to raise their queries and issues. Another issue in implementation of workplace bullying policies is cumbersome process of human resources management to adopt these policies and frameworks for the betterment of organization. It is observed that workplace bullying policies must contain all the details and consequences of not complying with the framed rules and regulation. In the starting, employees may face several difficulties while implementation of workplace bullying policies. However, proper surveillance and internal control program of human resources management department will increase the effectiveness of the implementation of workplace bullying policies. Nonetheless, these newly implementation of workplace bullying policies may also change the existing business functioning and decrease the overall outcomes of the business. It is observed that employees may find difficult to adapt with the changes in organization (Campbell, 2015). Apart from that, newly advanced workplace bullying policies will require company to install cyber computing enterprises resources planning in its value chain activities. This cyber computing enterprises resources planning will establish automation in filling complains and assessing the organizational environment in effective manner (Lewis, Megicks and Jones, 2017). This will reduce the negativity in business and promote employees to follow corporate policies in effective manner. The main issue which company could face is related to rigid behaviour of employees towards accepting the new workplace bullying policies in organization. In addition to this, JB Hi-Fi Company is having corporate governance policies and followed all the corporate social responsibilities policies in determined approach (ORourke Antioch, 2016). These policies have allowed company to create employees oriented organizational culture. Nonetheless, many people have faced issues such as derogatory behaviour of management department, setting high targets for employees and working beyond the working hours. However, asking employees to work beyond the working hours are relevant only when they are paid for their overtime. Therefore, implementation of these newly workplace bullying policies in JB Hi-Fi will also impact the management department and their strategic planning in organization (Gattis, 2017). These workplace bullying policies will focus on establishment grievances portal for employees so that they could easily raise their queries and issues in front of management department through this portal. In addition to this, it will also reduce the employees turnover and increase the overall efficiency of JB Hi-Fi Company. Now, after evaluating all the internal and external factors of company, it is considered that, management department needs to arrange another assessment department before implementing new workplace bullying policies in organization (Budden, et al. 2017).This workplace bullying policies of JB Hi-Fi Company is covered and rolled around the workmen compensation act, Fair Work Act, 2009 and world health organization which forces company to implement proper workplace environment for the benefits of employees. As per the new changes in workmen compensation act, employees are not allowed to work more than 8 hours in a day or they will be paid overtime for their work (French, Boyle, Muurlink, 2014). Conclusion In this essay, various information related workmen compensation act, Fair Work Act, 2009 and world health organization and policies formulated for the workplace bulling have been taken into consideration. Nonetheless, many organizations have failed to implement these policies and rules and faced workplace bulling cases in their value chain activities. JB Hi-Fi Company has faced these workplace bulling issues due to its non-effective employees oriented policies. However, newly formulated workplace bulling policies of company will cover provisions and rules of workmen compensation act, Fair Work Act, 2009 and world health organization which will bind management department and employees to work accordingly. References Budden, L.M., Birks, M., Cant, R., Bagley, T. and Park, T., 2017. Australian nursing students experience of bullying and/or harassment during clinical placement.Collegian,24(2), pp.125-133. Campbell, M. A. (2015). Policies and procedures to address bullying at Australian universities. InBullying Among University Students: Cross-National Perspectives(pp. 157-171). Routledge (Taylor Francis Group). Etienne, E., 2014. 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